Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
Volume 40, Issue 1 , Pages 73-88 , August 2010

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Scleroderma Interstitial Lung Disease: Technical Aspects and Clinical Correlations: Review of the Literature

  • Otylia Kowal-Bielecka, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Otylia Kowal-Bielecka, MD, Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
    • ,
  • Krzysztof Kowal

      Affiliations

    • Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
    • ,
  • Kristin B. Highland

      Affiliations

    • Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
    • Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
    • ,
  • Richard M. Silver

      Affiliations

    • Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC

References 

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  3. The BAL Cooperative Steering Committee. Bronchoalveolar lavage constituents in healthy individuals, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and selected comparison groups. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;141:S169–S202
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  5. Haslam PL, Beughmann RP. Report of ERS Task Force: guidelines for measurement of acellular components and recommendations for standardization of BAL. (eds) Eur Respir J. 1999;14(2):
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  21. Kowal-Bielecka O, Kowal K, Rojewska J, Bodzenta-Lukaszyk A, Siergiejko Z, Sierakowska M, et al. Cyclophosphamide reduces neutrophilic alveolitis in patients with scleroderma lung disease: a retrospective analysis of serial bronchoalveolar lavage investigations. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:1343–1346
  22. De Santis M, Bosello S, La Torre G, Capuano A, Tolusso B, Pagliari G, et al. Functional, radiological and biological markers of alveolitis and infections of the lower respiratory tract in patients with systemic sclerosis. Respir Res. 2005;6:96
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  24. Goh NS, Veeraraghavan S, Desai SR, Cramer D, Hansell DM, Denton CP, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage cellular profiles in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease are not predictive of disease progression. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:2005–2012
  25. Mittoo S, Wigley FM, Wise R, Ciao H, Hummers L. Persistence of abnormal bronchoalveolar lavage findings after cyclophosphamide treatment in scleroderma patients with interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:4195–4202
  26. Strange C, Bolster MB, Roth MD, Silver RM, Theodore A, Goldin J, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage and response to cyclophosphamide in scleroderma interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;177:91–98
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  29. Kowal-Bielecka O, Distler O, Kowal K, Siergiejko Z, Chwiecko J, Sulik A, et al. Elevated levels of leukotriene B4 and leukotriene E4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with scleroderma lung disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:1639–1646
  30. Daniil ZD, Gilchrist FC, Nicholson AG, Hansell DM, Harris J, Colby TV, et al. A histologic pattern of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia is associated with a better prognosis than usual interstitial pneumonia in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160:899–905
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  40. Kinsella MB, Smith EA, Miller KS, LeRoy EC, Silver RM. Spontaneous production of fibronectin by scleroderma alveolar macrophages. Arthritis Rheum. 1989;32:577–583
  41. Pantelidis P, McGrath DS, Southcott AM, Black CM, du Bois RM. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha production in fibrosing alveolitis is macrophage subset specific. Respir Res. 2001;2:365–372
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  43. Luzina IG, Atamas SP, Wise R, Wigley FM, Choi J, Xiao HQ, et al. Occurrence of an activated, profibrotic pattern of gene expression in lung CD8+ T cells from scleroderma patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:2262–2274
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  45. Bolster MB, Ludwicka A, Sutherland SE, Strange C, Silver RM. Cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:743–751
  46. Meloni F, Caporali R, Bianco M, Paschetto E, Morosini M, Fietta AM, et al. BAL cytokine profile in different interstitial lung diseases: a focus on systemic sclerosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2004;21:111–118
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  50. Flaherty KR, Travis WD, Colby TV, Toews GB, Kazerooni EA, Gross BH, et al. Histopathologic variability in usual and nonspecific interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:1722–1727
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PII: S0049-0172(08)00199-6

doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.10.009

Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
Volume 40, Issue 1 , Pages 73-88 , August 2010

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