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Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
Volume 40, Issue 2
, Pages 97-108
, October 2010
The Antiphospholipid Syndrome as a Neurological Disease
References
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- Evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow with 99mTc-HMPAO in primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1446–1450
- . Autoantibodies involved in neuropsychiatric SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2007;36:297–315
- . Neurological dysfunction and hyperactive behavior associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (A mouse model). J Clin Invest. 1997;100:613–619
- Neurological dysfunction associated with antiphospholipid syndrome: histopathological brain findings of thrombotic changes in a mouse model. Clin Dev Immunol. 2004;11:67–75
- Hyperactivity in a mouse model of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus. 2001;10:496–499
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- . Central nervous system involvement in the antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003;42:200–213
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- . Primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and retinal occlusive vasculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;123:848–850
- . Ocular manifestations in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Harefuah. 1999;136:50–53
- . Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome) in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002;41:470–471
- . The clinico-ophthalmological spectrum of antiphospholipid syndrome. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 1998;6:269–273
- . Optic neuropathy in the “primary” antiphospholipid syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol. 1997;16:629–631
- . Optic neuropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS): clinical features, pathogenesis, review of the literature and proposed ophthalmological criteria for APS diagnosis. Clin Rheumatol. 1999;18:124–131
- . Can neurologic manifestations of Hughes (antiphospholipid) syndrome be distinguished from multiple sclerosis? Analysis of 27 patients and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2000;79:57–68
- . Migraine, memory loss, and “multiple sclerosis” (Neurological features of the antiphospholipid (Hughes') syndrome). Postgrad Med J. 2003;79:81–83
- . A subgroup of multiple sclerosis patients with anticardiolipin antibodies and unusual clinical manifestations: do they represent a new nosological entity?. Ann Neurol. 1998;44:629–634
- Systemic autoimmune features and multiple sclerosis: a 5-year follow-up study. Arch Neurol. 1998;55:517–521
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- . Transverse myelitis: a manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus strongly associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. J Rheumatol. 1990;17:34–37
- . A case of multiple cranial nerve palsies as the initial ophthalmic presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2006;20:76–78
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- Treatment of pregnant patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus. 2003;12:524–529
- . Antiphospholipid antibody levels in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparations. Lupus. 2001;10:568–570
- . Antiphospholipid syndrome and recurrent miscarriages. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2001;96:37–50
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- . Anti-idiotype immunomodulation of experimental anti-phospholipid syndrome via effect on Th1/Th2 expression. Clin Exp Immunol. 1999;117:190–197
- . Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome: from experimental models to patients' bedside. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1996;111:355–361
- . Effect of rituximab on clinical and laboratory features of antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report and a review of literature. Lupus. 2008;17:50–55
- A peptide that shares similarity with bacterial antigens reverses thrombogenic properties of antiphospholipid antibodies in vivo. J Autoimmun. 2004;22:217–225
- Epitope specificity of monoclonal anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibodies derived from patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome. J Immunol. 1995;155:1629–1636
- . Neurologic manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome: integrating molecular and clinical lessons. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2008;10:67–73
- . Migraine, memory loss, and “multiple sclerosis” (Neurological features of the antiphospholipid (Hughes') syndrome). Postgrad Med J. 2003;79:81–83
- Clinical thrombotic manifestations in SLE patients with and without antiphospholipid antibodies: a 5-year follow-up. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2007;32:131–137
- . Lupus anticoagulants and anti-phospholipid antibodies as risk factors for a first episode of ischemic stroke. J Thromb Haemost. 2009 Apr 24;[Epub ahead of print]
- IgG anticardiolipin antibody titer > 40 GPL and the risk of subsequent thrombo-occlusive events and death (A prospective cohort study). Stroke. 1997;28:1660–1665
- . Cerebrovascular and neurologic disease associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: 48 cases. Neurology. 1990;40:1181–1189
- . Ocular manifestations in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Harefuah. 1999;136:50–53
- . Primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and retinal occlusive vasculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;123:848–850
- . Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome) in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002;41:470–471
- . The clinico-ophthalmological spectrum of antiphospholipid syndrome. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 1998;6:269–273
- . Optic neuropathy in the “primary” antiphospholipid syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol. 1997;16:629–631
- . Looking into the eyes of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2007;32:192–197
- . Migraine, memory loss, and “multiple sclerosis” (Neurological features of the antiphospholipid (Hughes') syndrome). Postgrad Med J. 2003;79:81–83
- . Migraine and the lupus anticoagulant (Case reports and review of the literature). Cephalalgia. 1987;7:93–99
- . Hughes Syndrome: the antiphospholipid syndrome—a clinical overview. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2007;32:3–12
- Features associated with epilepsy in the antiphospholipid syndrome. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:1344–1348
- IgG anticardiolipin antibody titer > 40 GPL and the risk of subsequent thrombo-occlusive events and death (A prospective cohort study). Stroke. 1997;28:1660–1665
- . Cerebral manifestations in the antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2006;32:465–490
- . High prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies in children with epilepsy: a controlled study of 50 cases. Epilepsy Res. 2001;46:129–137
- Prevalence and signification of antinuclear and anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with epilepsy. Am J Med. 1997;103:33–37
- . Antiphospholipid antibodies bind ATP: a putative mechanism for the pathogenesis of neuronal dysfunction. Clin Dev Immunol. 2005;12:175–180
- Chorea in the antiphospholipid syndrome (Clinical, radiologic, and immunologic characteristics of 50 patients from our clinics and the recent literature). Medicine (Baltimore). 1997;76:203–212
- . Cognitive deficits in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: association with clinical, laboratory, and brain magnetic resonance imaging findings. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2278–2284
- Evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow with 99mTc-HMPAO in primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1446–1450
- . Autoantibody explosion in antiphospholipid syndrome. J Autoimmun. 2008;30:74–83
- . Neurological dysfunction and hyperactive behavior associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (A mouse model). J Clin Invest. 1997;100:613–619
- Neurological dysfunction associated with antiphospholipid syndrome: histopathological brain findings of thrombotic changes in a mouse model. Clin Dev Immunol. 2004;11:67–75
- . Dementia and antiphospholipid antibodies. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2000;11:36–38
- . Anticardiolipin antibodies in two elderly subpopulations. Lupus. 1995;4:482–485
- Antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1,000 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:1019–1027
- . A longitudinal study of anticardiolipin antibody levels and cognitive functioning in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:735–741
- Antiphospholipid syndrome induction exacerbates a transgenic Alzheimer disease model on a female background. Neurobiol Aging. 2009 Mar 10;[Epub ahead of print]
- . Autoantibody explosion in systemic lupus erythematosus: more than 100 different antibodies found in SLE patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2004;34:501–537
- . Neurological dysfunction and hyperactive behavior associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (A mouse model). J Clin Invest. 1997;100:613–619
- Autoantibodies involved in neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Neuroimmunol. 2009 Jun 3;[Epub ahead of print]
- High association of anticardiolipin antibodies with psychosis. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59:20–23
- . Can neurologic manifestations of Hughes (antiphospholipid) syndrome be distinguished from multiple sclerosis? (Analysis of 27 patients and review of the literature). Medicine (Baltimore). 2000;79:57–68
- . A subgroup of multiple sclerosis patients with anticardiolipin antibodies and unusual clinical manifestations: do they represent a new nosological entity?. Ann Neurol. 1998;44:629–634
- Systemic autoimmune features and multiple sclerosis: a 5-year follow-up study. Arch Neurol. 1998;55:517–521
- . Transverse myelitis: a manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus strongly associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. J Rheumatol. 1990;17:34–37
- . Communicating hydrocephalus in systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1992;19:1299–1302
- . A case of multiple cranial nerve palsies as the initial ophthalmic presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2006;20:76–78
- . Primary antiphospholipid syndrome: a report of two pediatric cases. J Rheumatol. 1991;18:1085–1087
- . Prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with neurological symptoms. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2006;108:135–142
PII: S0049-0172(09)00055-9
doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2009.05.001
© 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
Volume 40, Issue 2
, Pages 97-108
, October 2010
